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Baptism in early Christianity
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Baptism in early Christianity : ウィキペディア英語版
Baptism in early Christianity

Baptism has been part of Christianity from the start, as shown by the many mentions in the Acts of the Apostles and the Pauline epistles. Christians consider Jesus to have instituted the sacrament of baptism. How explicit Jesus' intentions were and whether he envisioned a continuing, organized Church is a matter of dispute among scholars.
==Background in Jewish ritual==

Although the term "baptism" is not today used to describe the Jewish rituals (in contrast to New Testament times, when the Greek word ''baptismos'' did indicate Jewish ablutions or rites of purification), the purification rites (or ''mikvah''—ritual immersion) in Jewish laws and tradition have some similarity to baptism, and the two have been linked In the Jewish Bible and other Jewish texts, immersion in water for ritual purification was established for restoration to a condition of "ritual purity" in specific circumstances. For example, Jews who (according to the Law of Moses) became ritually defiled by contact with a corpse had to use the mikvah before being allowed to participate in the Holy Temple. Immersion is required for converts to Judaism as part of their conversion. Immersion in the mikvah represents a change in status in regards to purification, restoration, and qualification for full religious participation in the life of the community, ensuring that the cleansed person will not impose uncleanness on property or its owners.〔Babylonian Talmud, Tractate ''Chagigah'', p. 12〕 This change of status by the mikvah could be obtained repeatedly, while Christian baptism, like circumcision, is, in the general view of Christians, unique and not repeatable. (Seventh-day Adventists, however, see baptism as repeatable if a believer comes to a new knowledge of Christianity, as in . They teach that it is also possible for a person who has fallen away from following Christ to make a new commitment via rebaptism.)
John the Baptist adopted baptismal immersion as the central sacrament in his messianic movement.〔

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